Permanent magnet machine

ABSTRACT

A permanent magnet machine includes a machine housing having an inner surface that extends between a first housing end and a second housing end along a central longitudinal axis. The permanent magnet machine also includes a stator disposed within the machine housing, the stator having a stator core having an exterior surface extending between a first face and a second face along the central longitudinal axis, wherein the exterior surface defines a discontinuous region that is arranged to minimize points of contact between the inner surface and the exterior surface. The discontinuous region is at least partially defined by at least one of a first perturbation and a second perturbation that is circumferentially spaced apart from the first perturbation.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefits of priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/211,699, filed Dec. 6, 2018, the disclosure ofwhich is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Electric machines are used in automotive systems, precision tooling, orindustrial drives and may have specific requirements to operate with lownoise and vibration. Some sources of noise, vibration, or harshness inthe electric machine may be cogging torque, torque ripple, andelectromagnetic radial forces in addition to other aerodynamic ormechanical sources. An electric machine with high torque densitygenerally has higher potential for noise and vibration that may beviewed as unacceptable. Different methods have been employed to mitigatethe noise and vibrations from the electric machine, however as demandsfor higher torque density increases, new strategies or configurations tomitigate noise and vibrations from the electric machine must bedeveloped.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the disclosure, a permanent magnet machineincludes a machine housing having an inner surface that extends betweena first housing end and a second housing end along a centrallongitudinal axis. The permanent magnet machine also includes a statordisposed within the machine housing, the stator having a stator corehaving an exterior surface extending between a first face and a secondface along the central longitudinal axis, wherein the exterior surfacedefines a discontinuous region that is arranged to minimize points ofcontact between the inner surface and the exterior surface. Thediscontinuous region is at least partially defined by at least one of afirst perturbation and a second perturbation that is circumferentiallyspaced apart from the first perturbation.

These and other advantages and features will become more apparent fromthe following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularlypointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion ofthe specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages ofthe invention are apparent from the following detailed description takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1A is a partial perspective view of a stator defining adiscontinuous region that is disposed within an electric machinehousing;

FIG. 1B is a partial perspective view of a stator disposed within anelectric machine housing defining a discontinuous region;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are views of a stator having a discontinuous region;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are views of a stator having a discontinuous region; and

FIGS. 4-8 are various views of a stator having a discontinuous region.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the Figures, where the invention will be described withreference to specific embodiments, without limiting the same, it is tobe understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative ofthe present disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternativeforms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may beexaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components.Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed hereinare not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representativebasis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, an electric machine, such as a permanentmagnet machine 10 is shown. The permanent magnet machine 10 includes amachine housing 12 and a stator 14 that is arranged to be disposedwithin the machine housing 12.

The machine housing 12 is disposed about a central longitudinal axis 20.The machine housing 12 includes an inner surface 22 that extends betweena first housing end 24 and a second housing end 26 along the centrallongitudinal axis 20. The first housing end 24 may be an open and thesecond housing end 26 may be a closed end. The second housing end 26 maydefine an opening 28 that is generally aligned along the centrallongitudinal axis 20 along which a shaft or the like may extend through.

The stator 14 is disposed within the machine housing 12 and is securedto the inner surface 22 of the machine housing 12. The stator 14includes a stator core 30 that is disposed about the centrallongitudinal axis 20.

Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, and 3A, the stator core 30 includes anexterior surface 32, an interior surface 34 that is disposed oppositethe exterior surface 32, and a plurality of stator teeth 36. Theexterior surface 32 and the interior surface 34 each extend between afirst face 40 and a second face 42 along the central longitudinal axis20. The exterior surface 32 faces towards the inner surface 22 of themachine housing 12. The exterior surface 32 of the stator core 30 may becommonly referred to as the back iron of the stator 14. The plurality ofstator teeth 36 radially extend from the interior surface 34 towards thecentral longitudinal axis. A slot 44 is defined between a first statortooth 46 and a second stator tooth 48 that is disposed adjacent to thefirst stator tooth 46 of the plurality of stator teeth 36. In such anarrangement, the slot 44 is circumferentially disposed between the firststator tooth 46 and the second stator tooth 48.

The stator 14 may employ various fractional slot topologies, e.g.various ratios between a number of slots and a number of polesassociated with the stator 14. The fractional slot topologies impact awinding factor about a stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth 36and hence impact the torque density. The higher the winding factor amongthem, the higher the torque density. The higher torque density mayresult in low order vibration modes. The low mode order results from theinteraction of the n-th order radial field due to the magnet poles andn-th+2 order radial field due to armature reaction. The low mode orderleads to stator deformation that leads to electric machine vibrationsthat is perceived as noise.

The present disclosure attempts to address these machine vibrations thatare perceived as noise by modifying or reducing the number of points ofcontact 54 between the stator 14 and the inner surface 22 of the machinehousing 12, as shown in FIG. 3B, by providing at least one of adiscontinuous region 60, as shown in FIGS. 1-8, and/or openings 62 inthe stator 14 and/or the machine housing 12, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B,2A, and 2B.

The discontinuous region 60 may be defined by at least one of the innersurface 22 of the machine housing 12, as shown in FIG. 1B, or theexterior surface 32 of the stator core 30 of the stator 14, as shown inFIGS. 1A and 2A-8. Points of contact 54 between the inner surface 22 ofthe machine housing 12 and the exterior surface 32 of the stator core 30within the discontinuous region 60 are used to join or connect thestator 14 to the machine housing 12 as well as to reduce machinevibrations that are perceived as noise.

The discontinuous region 60 may extend about the inner surface 22 of themachine housing 12, as shown in FIG. 1B. The discontinuous region 60 maybe defined by recessed regions 64 of the inner surface 22 of the machinehousing 12 and/or the exterior surface 32 of the stator 14. The recessedregions 64 may extend from the inner surface 22 towards an outer surfaceof the machine housing 12 along an axis that is disposed transverse tothe central longitudinal axis 20. The discontinuous region 60 may extendabout the exterior surface 32 of the stator 14, as shown in FIGS. 1A and2A-8. The discontinuous region 60 may be defined by recessed regions 64of the exterior surface 32 of the stator 14 that extend towards theinterior surface 34 of the stator 14 along the axis that is disposedtransverse to the central longitudinal axis 20.

The recessed regions 64 may be used to reduce the points of contact 54between the inner surface 22 of the machine housing 12 and the exteriorsurface 32 of the stator 14. The implementation of the recessed regions64 (the discontinuous region 60) on the inner surface 22 of the machinehousing 12 and maintaining a uniform or substantially uniform exteriorsurface 32 of the stator 14, the potential for magnetic loss of thepermanent magnet machine 10 due to discontinuities on the exteriorsurface 32 of the stator 14 may be minimized.

The opening 62 extends from the first face 40 towards the second face 42along the central longitudinal axis 20. The opening 62 is radiallydisposed between the exterior surface 32 and the interior surface 34 ofthe stator core 30. The opening 62 may extend from a face of the machinehousing 12 that is disposed at the first housing end 24 towards thesecond housing end 26 along the central longitudinal axis 20.

The discontinuous region 60 and/or the openings 62 are arranged tofacilitate the damping of radial forces that may be transmitted througha stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth 36 and the exteriorsurface 32 to the machine housing 12 to reduce perceived noise.

Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, and 8, the discontinuous region 60 isat least partially defined by at least one of a first raised region 70and a second raised region 72. The first raised region 70 and the secondraised region 72 may be raised radially relative to the exterior surface32 of the stator core 30. The first raised region 70 and the secondraised region 72 may at least partially define the points of contact 54that are arranged to engage the inner surface 22 of the machine housing12 to facilitate the connection between the stator 14 and the machinehousing 12.

At least one of the first raised region 70 and the second raised region72 is radially and/or circumferentially aligned with a stator tooth ofthe plurality of stator teeth 36, as shown in FIG. 2B. At least one ofthe first raised region 70 and the second raised region 72 iscircumferentially disposed between the first stator tooth 46 and thesecond stator tooth 48 of the plurality a stator teeth 36 such that atleast one of the first raised region 70 and the second raised region 72is circumferentially aligned with the slot 44. At least one of the firstraised region 70 and the second raised region 72 circumferentiallyextends across the first stator tooth 46, the slot 44, and the secondstator tooth 48, as shown in FIG. 8.

The first raised region 70 and the second raised region 72 may bedefined by the exterior surface 32 of the stator core 30 or may beplates or the like that are disposed on or joined to the exteriorsurface 32 of the stator core 30. The first raised region 70 is disposedproximate the first face 40 of the stator core 30. The second raisedregion 72 is disposed proximate the second face 42 of the stator core30. The second raised region 72 is circumferentially spaced apart fromthe first raised region 70 such that a circumferential gap 74 is definedbetween sides of the first raised region 70 and the second raised region72. The second raised region 72 is axially spaced apart from the firstraised region 70.

Referring to FIGS. 2B and 8, at least one of the first raised region 70and the second raised region 72 includes a first side 80, a second side82, and a contact surface 84. The first side 80 radially extends fromthe exterior surface 32. The second side 82 is disposed opposite thefirst side 80. The second side 82 radially extends from the exteriorsurface 32. The contact surface 84 circumferentially extends between thefirst side 80 and the second side 82. The contact surface 84 is arrangedto at least partially engage or contact the inner surface 22 of themachine housing 12.

At least one of the first raised region 70 and the second raised regionhas an axial length 90 and an arc length 92, as shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B,and 8. The arc length 92 may be greater than the axial length 90. In atleast one embodiment, the arc length 92 may be less than orsubstantially equal to the axial length 90.

Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 4-7, the discontinuous region 60 may be aprofiled region that extends about at least one of the inner surface 22of the machine housing 12 and/or the exterior surface 32 of the stator14. The profiled region may be a wavelike profile or the like that is atleast partially defined by at least one of a first perturbation 100 anda second perturbation 102. At least one of the first perturbation 100and the second perturbation 102 is defined by the exterior surface 32 ofthe stator core 30. A portion of at least one of the first perturbation100 and the second perturbation 102 at least partially define the pointsof contact 54 that are arranged to engage the inner surface 22 of themachine housing 12 to facilitate the connection between the stator 14and the machine housing 12.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 radially extends away from the central longitudinal axis and theexterior surface 32. At least one of the first perturbation 100 and thesecond perturbation 102 axially extends between the first face 40 andthe second face 42.

The first perturbation 100 is circumferentially aligned with a statortooth of the plurality of stator teeth 36, as shown in FIGS. 3A, 5, and7. The second perturbation 102 is circumferentially disposed between thefirst stator tooth 46 and the second stator tooth 48 of the plurality ofstator teeth 36, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 7.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 is circumferentially aligned with a stator tooth of the plurality ofstator teeth 36, as shown in FIG. 5. At least one of the firstperturbation 100 and the second perturbation 102 is circumferentiallyaligned with the slot 44 that is circumferentially disposed between thefirst stator tooth 46 and the second stator tooth 48 of the plurality ofstator teeth 36, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 6.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 has an arc length 106 or a circumferential width that is less than acircumferential width of at least one of the first stator tooth 46 andthe second stator tooth 48. At least one of the first perturbation 100and the second perturbation 102 has a circumferential width that is lessthan a circumferential slot with of the slot 44 that is defined betweenthe first stator tooth 46 and the second stator tooth 48 of theplurality of stator teeth 36.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 has an arc length 106 that is substantially equal to acircumferential slot width of the slot 44 that is defined between thefirst stator tooth 46 and the second stator tooth 48 of the plurality ofstator teeth 36, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 6.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 has an arc length 106 that is substantially equal to acircumferential width of the first stator tooth 46, the second statortooth 48, and the slot 44 that is defined between the first stator tooth46 and the second stator tooth 48 of the plurality of stator teeth 36,as shown in FIG. 4.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 has an arc length 106 that is substantially equal to acircumferential width of slots disposed on opposite circumferentialsides of at least one of the first stator tooth 46 and the second statortooth 48 of the plurality of stator teeth 36.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 has an arc length 106 that is substantially equal to acircumferential width of at least one of the first stator tooth 46 andthe second stator tooth 48 of the plurality of stator teeth 36, as shownin FIG. 5.

At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the second perturbation102 has an arc length 106 that is less than a circumferential width ofthe slot 44 that is defined between the first stator tooth 46 and thesecond stator tooth 48 of the plurality of stator teeth 36, as shown inFIG. 7. At least one of the first perturbation 100 and the secondperturbation 102 has an arc length 106 that is substantially equal to acircumferential with at least one of the first stator tooth 46 and thesecond stator tooth 48 of the plurality of stator teeth 36, as shown inFIG. 7.

The discontinuous region 60 that is defined by the first raised region70, the second raised region 72 and/or the first perturbation 100 andthe second perturbation 102 modify the interface between the exteriorsurface 32 of the stator 14 and the inner surface 22 of the machinehousing 12 by making the connection intermittent. The addition of thesefeatures at the outer periphery of the stator 14 does not affect torqueor any other electromagnetic performance of the permanent magnet machine10. The first raised region 70, the second raised region 72 and/or thefirst perturbation 100 and the second perturbation 102 may vary innumber, size, and location about the exterior surface 32 of the stator14 or about the inner surface 22 of the machine housing 12. Regardlessof the number or location of the features that define the discontinuousregion 60, the discontinuous region 60 reduces force transmittal througha stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth 36 to the machinehousing 12 and therefore reduces radiated noise and vibration byreducing deformation of the stator 14 without compromising motor torquedensity. The number, size, or location of the discontinuous region 60may be varied to adjust resonance frequencies.

While the invention has been described in detail in connection with onlya limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood thatthe invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, theinvention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations,alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretoforedescribed, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of theinvention. Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention havebeen described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention mayinclude only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, theinvention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description.

Having thus described the invention, it is claimed:
 1. A permanentmagnet machine, comprising: a machine housing having an inner surfacethat extends between a first housing end and a second housing end alonga central longitudinal axis; and a stator disposed within the machinehousing, the stator having a stator core having an exterior surfaceextending between a first face and a second face along the centrallongitudinal axis, wherein the exterior surface defines a discontinuousregion that is arranged to minimize points of contact between the innersurface and the exterior surface, wherein the discontinuous region is atleast partially defined by at least one of a first perturbation and asecond perturbation that is circumferentially spaced apart from thefirst perturbation.
 2. The stator of claim 1, wherein the firstperturbation is circumferentially aligned with a first stator tooth ofthe plurality of stator teeth, wherein the second perturbation iscircumferentially aligned with a second stator tooth of the plurality ofteeth, wherein the first stator tooth and the second stator tooth areadjacent teeth.
 3. The stator of claim 1, wherein the first perturbationis circumferentially disposed between a first stator tooth and a secondstator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth, wherein the secondperturbation is circumferentially disposed between the second statortooth and a third stator tooth of the plurality of teeth, wherein thefirst stator tooth and the second stator tooth are adjacent teeth, andwherein the second stator tooth and the third stator tooth are adjacentteeth.
 4. The stator of claim 1, wherein the first perturbation iscircumferentially aligned with a first stator tooth of the plurality ofstator teeth, wherein the second perturbation is circumferentiallydisposed between the first stator tooth and a second stator tooth of theplurality of teeth, wherein the first stator tooth and the second statortooth are adjacent teeth.
 5. The stator of claim 1, wherein the firstperturbation has an arc length that is equal to a width of a firststator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth.
 6. The stator of claim 1,wherein the first perturbation has an arc length that is equal to awidth of a first stator tooth and a slot width of a slot defined betweenthe first stator tooth and a second stator tooth of the plurality ofstator teeth.
 7. The stator of claim 1, wherein the first perturbationhas an arc length that is greater than a width of a first stator toothof the plurality of stator teeth.
 8. The permanent magnet machine ofclaim 1, wherein the stator core defines an opening that extends fromthe first face towards the second face.
 9. The permanent magnet machineof claim 1, wherein at least one of the first perturbation and thesecond perturbation is arranged to engage the inner surface of themachine housing.